Hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and performs linear reciprocating motion (or swing motion). It has a simple structure and reliable operation. When using it to achieve reciprocating motion, there is no need for a deceleration device, and there is no transmission gap, making the motion smooth. Therefore, it is widely used in various mechanical hydraulic systems. The output force of the hydraulic cylinder is proportional to the effective area of the piston and the pressure difference on both sides; Hydraulic cylinders are basically composed of cylinder barrels and cylinder heads, pistons and piston rods, sealing devices, buffering devices, and exhaust devices. The buffer device and exhaust device depend on the specific application situation, while other devices are essential. Hydraulic cylinder is an executive component in the hydraulic transmission system, which is an energy conversion device that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Hydraulic motors achieve continuous rotary motion, while hydraulic cylinders achieve reciprocating motion. The structural types of hydraulic cylinders include piston cylinder, plunger cylinder, and swing cylinder. The piston cylinder and plunger cylinder achieve reciprocating linear motion, output speed and thrust, and the swing cylinder achieves reciprocating swing, output angular velocity (speed) and torque. In addition to being used individually, hydraulic cylinders can also be combined with two or more or other mechanisms for use. To accomplish special functions. The hydraulic cylinder has a simple structure and reliable operation, which has been widely used in the hydraulic system of machine tools

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